Dabeecadda chromium
Chromium, calaamada curiyaha Cr, lambarka atomiga 24, cufnaanta atomiiga 51.996, waxa iska leh curiyaha birta ee kala guurka ee kooxda VIB ee shaxda xilliyeed ee canaasiirta kiimikada.Birta Chromium waa crystal cubic ah oo ku salaysan jirka, qalin-cad, cufnaanta 7.1g/cm³, barta dhalaalka 1860 ℃, barta karkarinta 2680 ℃, awoodda kulaylka gaarka ah 25 ℃ 23.35J / (mol·K), kulaylka uumiga 342.1kJ/ mol, heerkulka kulaylka 91.3 W / (m · K) (0-100 ° C), caabbinta (20 ° C) 13.2uΩ · cm, oo leh sifooyin farsamo oo wanaagsan.
Waxaa jira shan nooc oo chromium ah: +2, +3, +4, +5 iyo +6.Marka la eego shuruudaha ficilka endogenous, chromium guud ahaan waa +3 valence.Isku dhafka leh + chromium trivalent ayaa ah kuwa ugu xasilloon.+ Xeryahooda chromium ee lix-valent, oo ay ku jiraan cusbada chromium, waxay leeyihiin sifooyin oksidayneed oo xooggan.Radiyada ionic ee Cr3+, AI3+ iyo Fe3+ waa la mid, si ay isu ekaysiiyaan oo balaadhan.Intaa waxaa dheer, curiyeyaasha lagu beddeli karo chromium waa manganese, magnesium, nickel, cobalt, zinc, iwm., sidaas darteed chromium si ballaaran ayaa loogu qaybiyaa macdanta silicate ee magnesium-ka iyo macdanta dheeraadka ah.
Codsiga
Chromium waa mid ka mid ah biraha aadka loo isticmaalo ee warshadaha casriga ah.Inta badan waxaa loo isticmaalaa soo saarista birta aan la taaban karin iyo birta daawaha kala duwan ee qaabka ferroalloys (sida ferrochrome).Chromium waxay leedahay sifooyinka adag, xidhashada adkaysta, kulaylka u adkaysta iyo u adkaysta daxalka.Macdanta chrome waxaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa biraha, walxaha refractory, warshadaha kiimikada iyo warshadaha aasaaska.
Warshadaha macdanta, chromium ore waxa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhalaaliyo ferrochrome iyo chromium bir ah.Chromium waxa loo istcimaalaa wax lagu daro birta si loo soo saaro noocyo kala duwan oo xoog badan, daxal u adkaysta, xidhashada adkaysta, heerkulka sare, iyo oxidation-u adkaysta birta gaarka ah, sida birta ahama, birta u adkaysta acid, birta kulaylka u adkaysta. birta sidata kubbadda, birta guga, birta qalabka, iwm.Chromium bir ah waxaa inta badan loo isticmaalaa in lagu dhalaaliyo aluminium gaar ah oo leh cobalt, nikkel, tungsten iyo walxo kale.Daahinta chrome iyo chromizing waxay ka dhigi kartaa birta, naxaasta, aluminium iyo biraha kale inay sameeyaan dusha daxalka u adkaysta, kaas oo dhalaalaya oo qurux badan.
Warshadaha dib-u-celinta, chromium ore waa walxo muhiim ah oo loo isticmaalo in lagu sameeyo lebenka chrome, lebenka magnesia chrome, refractories horumarsan iyo walxo kale oo gaar ah oo refractory ah (shambiga chrome).Dib-u-soo-celinta Chromium-ku-saleysan inta badan waxaa ka mid ah leben leh chrome ore iyo magnesia, sintered magnesia-chrome clinker, leben bir ah oo magnesia-chrome ah, dhalaalid, dhul siman ka dibna leben magnesia-chrome xiran.Waxa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa foornooyinka dabka ee furan, foornooyinka induction, iwm
Warshadaha aasaasiga ah, macdanta chromium lama falgali doonto walxaha kale ee ku jira birta dhalaalaysa inta lagu jiro habka shubista, waxay leedahay koronto balaadhinta kulaylka hoose, waxay u adkaysataa galitaanka birta, waxayna leedahay waxqabadka qaboojinta ka wanaagsan zircon.Macdanta chrome for foundry waxay leedahay shuruudo adag oo ku saabsan halabuurka kiimikada iyo qaybinta cabbirka walxaha.
Warshadaha kiimikada, isticmaalka tooska ah ee chromium waa in la soo saaro sodium dichromate (Na2Cr2O7·H2O), ka dibna la diyaariyo xeryahooda kale ee chromium si loogu isticmaalo warshadaha sida midabada, dunta, electroplating, iyo samaynta maqaarka, iyo sidoo kale kicinta. .
Budada chromium-ka si fiican loo dhulka dhigay waa wakiilka midabaynta dabiiciga ah ee soo saarista dhalooyinka, ceramics iyo muraayadaha dhaldhalaalka ah.Marka sodium dichromate loo isticmaalo in lagu burburiyo maqaarka, borotiinka (kolajka) iyo karbohaydraytyada ku jira maqaarka asalka ah waxay la falgalaan walxo kiimiko si ay u sameeyaan iskudhaf deggan, kaas oo noqda saldhigga alaabta maqaarka.Warshadaha dharka, sodium dichromate waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida mordant ee dheeha dharka, kaas oo si wax ku ool ah ugu dhejin kara molecules dheeha ee xeryahooda organic;Waxa kale oo loo isticmaali karaa sida oksaydhiyeyaasha soo saarista midabada iyo kuwa dhexdhexaadka ah.
Macdanta Chromium
Waxa jira in ka badan 50 nooc oo macdan ah oo chromium ku jira kuwaas oo laga helay dabeecadda, laakiin intooda badan waxay leeyihiin maadada chromium hooseeya iyo qaybinta kala firdhisan, taas oo leh qiimaha isticmaalka warshadaha hooseeya.Macdanta chromium-ka ku jirta waxaa iska leh oxides, chromates iyo silicates, marka lagu daro dhowr hydroxides, iodates, nitrides iyo sulfides.Waxaa ka mid ah, chromium nitride iyo chromium sulfide macdanta waxaa laga helaa oo kaliya meteorites.
Sida noocyada macdanta ee qoyska chromium ore, chromite waa macdanta kaliya ee muhiimka ah ee warshadaha ee chromium.Qaaciddada kiimikaad ee aragtida waa (MgFe)Cr2O4, kaas oo nuxurka Cr2O3 uu ka kooban yahay 68%, FeO ayaa u dhiganta 32%.Halabuurka kiimikaad, cation trivalent inta badan waa Cr3+, waxaana inta badan jira Al3+, Fe3+ iyo Mg2+, Fe2+ isomorphic beddelka.chromite-ta dhabta ah ee la soo saaray, qayb ka mid ah Fe2+ waxa badiyaa beddela Mg2+, Cr3+na waxa lagu beddelaa Al3+ iyo Fe3+ ilaa heerar kala duwan.Heerka dhamaystiran ee beddelka isomorphic ee ka mid ah qaybaha kala duwan ee chromite ma aha mid joogto ah.Isku-dubarid afar-dalab ah ayaa u badan magnesium iyo birta, iyo beddelka isomorphic dhammaystiran ee u dhexeeya magnesium-iron.Marka loo eego habka afarta qaybood ah, chromite waxa loo qaybin karaa afar kooxood oo hoose: magnesium chromite, iron-magnesium chromite, maafic-iron chromite iyo iron-chromite.Intaa waxaa dheer, chromite inta badan waxaa ku jira qadar yar oo manganese ah, isku dhafka isku midka ah ee titanium, vanadium iyo zinc.Qaab dhismeedka chromite waa nooca lafdhabarta caadiga ah.
4. Heerka tayada ee chromium concentrate
Sida laga soo xigtay hababka kala duwan ee processing (macdanta iyo macdanta dabiiciga ah), macdanta chromium for metallurgy waxaa loo qaybiyaa laba nooc: xoogga saari (G) iyo buro (K).Hoos ka eeg shaxda
Shuruudaha tayada ee macdanta chromite ee birta
Tignoolajiyada ka faa'iidaysiga macdanta Chrome
1) Dib u doorashada
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, kala-soocidda cuf-isjiidadka waxay ku jirtaa boos muhiim ah ka-faa'iidaysiga macdanta chromium.Habka kala-soocidda cuf-jiidadka, kaas oo isticmaala lakabyada dabacsan ee dhexdhexaadka aqueous sida habdhaqanka aasaasiga ah, weli waa habka ugu muhiimsan ee lagu kobciyo macdanta chromium adduunka oo dhan.Qalabka kala soocida cufisjiidadka waa weel wareeg ah iyo xoogeye centrifugal ah, iyo cabbirka qayb ka mid ah cabbirka cabbirka waa mid ballaaran.Guud ahaan, farqiga cufnaanta u dhexeeya macdanta chromium iyo macdanta gangue ayaa ka weyn 0.8g/cm3, iyo kala soocidda cufnaanta cabbir kasta oo ka weyn 100um waxay noqon kartaa mid lagu qanco.natiijada.Burbursan (100 ~ 0.5mm) macdanta waxaa la kala soocaa ama horay loo doortay faa'iidooyin dhexdhexaad ah oo culus, kaas oo ah habka faa'iidada dhaqaale ee aad u dhaqaale.
2) Kala soocida magnetka
Kala-soocidda magnetic waa hab faa'iido doon ah oo ogaanaya kala-soocidda macdanta ee goob magnet ah oo aan isku mid ahayn oo ku salaysan farqiga magnetic ee macdanta macdanta.Chromite waxay leedahay sifooyin magnetic daciif ah waxaana lagu kala saari karaa giraanta toosan ee kala soocida birta birta ah, saxan qoyan ee magnetic iyo qalab kale.Isku-dheellitirnaanta nuglaanta magnetic-ka gaarka ah ee macdanta chromium ee laga soo saaro meelo kala duwan oo chromium soo saara oo adduunka ah ayaan wax badan ka duwanayn, waxayna la mid yihiin isku-dhafka u nugulnaanta magnetic-ka ee wolframite iyo wolframite ee laga soo saaro gobollo kala duwan.
Waxaa jira laba xaaladood oo isticmaalka kala-soocidda magnetic si aad u hesho heerka sare ee chromium xoogga: mid waa in meesha laga saaro macdanta magnetic xooggan (inta badan magnetite) ee macdanta hoos field magnetic daciif ah si loo kordhiyo saamiga ferrochrome, iyo kan kale waa in la isticmaalo a birlab xoog leh.Kala soocida macdanta gangue iyo soo kabashada macdanta chromium (macdanta magnetic liidata).
3) Doorashada korontada
Kala-soocidda korantada waa hab lagu kala saaro macdanta chromium iyo macdanta silicate gangue iyadoo la isticmaalayo sifooyinka korantada ee macdanta, sida kala duwanaanshaha conductivity iyo dielectric joogto ah.
4) Sabaynta
Inta lagu jiro habka kala-soocidda cuf-isjiidadka, macdanta chromite-ka-cafilan (-100um) ayaa badanaa la tuuraa sida dabo, laakiin chromite ee cabbirkan ayaa weli leh qiimo isticmaalka sare, sidaas awgeed habka sabbeynta waxaa loo isticmaali karaa heer hoose oo ganaax ah granular chromite ore waa laga bogsaday.Sabaynta macdanta chromium oo leh 20% ~ 40% Cr2O3 dabada iyo serpentine, olivine, rutile iyo calcium magnesium carbonate macdanta sida macdanta gangue.Macdanta ayaa si fiican loo dejiyay ilaa 200μm, galaaska biyaha, phosphate, metaphosphate, fluorosilicate, iwm ayaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu kala firdhiyo oo la joojiyo dhoobada, iyo aashitada dufanka ee aan saturated ayaa loo isticmaalaa ururiye ahaan.Kala firdhinta iyo xakamaynta dhoobada gangue waxay aad muhiim ugu tahay habka sabbeynta.Iions birta sida birta iyo rasaasta waxay kicin karaan chromite.Marka qiimaha pH ee slurry uu ka hooseeyo 6, chromite si dhib leh uma sabbeyn doono.Marka la soo koobo, isticmaalka reagent sabbaynaya waa weyn yahay, heerka xooga saariddu waa mid aan degganayn, heerka soo kabashadana waa yar yahay.Ca2+ iyo Mg2+ oo ka milmay macdanta gangue waxay yareeyaan xulashada habka sabbaynta.
5) Ka faa'iidaysiga kiimikada
Habka kiimikaad waa in si toos ah loo daaweeyo macdanta chromite-ka qaarkood oo aan lagu kala saari karin habka jireed ama qiimaha habka jireed waa mid aad u sarreeya.Saamiga Cr/Fe ee xooga saarista habka kiimikaad ayaa ka sarreeya habka caadiga ah ee jirka.Hababka kiimikada waxaa ka mid ah: leaching xulashada, yaraynta oksaydhka, kala soocida dhalaalka, sulfuric acid iyo chromic acid leaching, hoos u dhigista iyo sulfuric acid leaching, iwm. isbeddellada ka faa'iidaysiga chromite maanta.Hababka kiimikaad waxay si toos ah chromium ka soo saari karaan macdanta waxayna soo saari karaan chromium carbide iyo chromium oxide.
Waqtiga boostada: Abriil-30-2021