Inta lagu jiro xilliga "Qorshaha Shanta Sano ee 14-aad", marka loo eego qorshaha istiraatijiyadeed ee "kaarboonka ugu sarreeya iyo kaarboonka dhexdhexaadka ah" ee dalka, warshadaynta sawir-qaadista waxay horseedi doontaa horumar qarxa. Ka dillaacay warshadaha sawir-qaadista ayaa "abuuray hanti" dhammaan silsiladda warshadaha. Silsiladdan quruxda badan, muraayadda sawir-qaadista ayaa ah xidhiidh lama huraan ah. Maanta, u doodista ilaalinta tamarta iyo ilaalinta deegaanka, baahida muraayadda sawir-qaadista ayaa sii kordheysa maalinba maalinta ka dambeysa, waxaana jira isku dheelitir la'aan u dhexeeya sahayda iyo baahida. Isla mar ahaantaana, ciid quartz-yar oo bir ah iyo ultra-cad, oo ah walxo muhiim ah oo loogu talagalay muraayadda sawir-qaadista, ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacday, qiimihiisuna wuu kordhay oo sahaydu waa gabaabsi. Khubarada warshadaha ayaa saadaaliyay in ciidda quartz ee birta yar ay yeelan doonto korodh muddo dheer ah oo ka badan 15% in ka badan 10 sano. Hoosta dabaysha xooggan ee sawir-qaadista, soo-saarka ciidda quartz-yar ee birta ah ayaa soo jiidatay dareen badan.
1. Ciid Quartz ee muraayadda sawir-qaadista
Muraayada sawir-qaadista waxaa guud ahaan loo isticmaalaa sidii guddiga daboolka ee modules-ka sawir-qaadista, waxayna si toos ah ula xiriirtaa deegaanka dibadda. Cadaadiskeeda cimilada, xoogga, gudbinta iftiinka iyo tilmaamayaasha kale waxay door muhiim ah ka ciyaaraan nolosha qaybaha sawir-qaadista iyo waxtarka tamarta muddada-dheer. Ilaysyada birta ah ee ciidda quartz waa sahlan tahay in la dheehdo, si loo hubiyo gudbinta sare ee qoraxda ee muraayadda asalka ah, nuxurka birta ee muraayadda sawir-qaadista ayaa ka hooseeya kan galaaska caadiga ah, iyo ciid quartz-yar oo bir ah oo leh nadiif silikoon sare leh. waana in la isticmaalo waxyaabo wasakh ah oo hooseeya.
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira tiro yar oo ciid quartz ah oo bir ah oo tayadoodu aad u yar tahay oo ay fududahay in laga soo saaro dalkeenna, waxaana inta badan lagu qaybiyaa Heyuan, Guangxi, Fengyang, Anhui, Hainan iyo meelo kale. Mustaqbalka, iyada oo korriinka awoodda wax-soo-saarka muraayadda ultra-caddaan ee loogu talagalay unugyada qorraxda, ciid quartz tayo sare leh oo leh aag wax-soo-saar xaddidan waxay noqon doontaa kheyraad aad u yar. Bixinta ciid quartz tayo sare leh oo xasilloon ayaa xaddidi doonta tartanka shirkadaha muraayadaha sawir-qaadista mustaqbalka. Sidaa darteed, sida si wax ku ool ah loo yareeyo nuxurka birta, aluminium, titanium iyo walxaha kale ee wasakhda ah ee ciidda quartz iyo diyaarinta nadiifka sare ee ciidda quartz waa mawduuc cilmi baaris oo kulul.
2. Soo saarista ciid quartz-yar oo bir ah oo loogu talagalay muraayadda sawir-qaadista
2.1 Nadiifinta Ciidda Quartz ee Muraayadda Voltaic-ka ah
Waqtigan xaadirka ah, hababka nadiifinta quartz-dhaqameed ee sida qaan-gaarka ah loogu dabaqay warshadaha waxaa ka mid ah kala-soocidda, xoqidda, deminta biyaha, shiididda, shaandhaynta, kala-soocidda magnetic, kala-soocidda cuf-isjiidadka, sabbeynta, dheecaanka acid, leaching microbial, heerkulka sare ee degassing, iwm. Nidaamyada nadiifinta qoto dheer waxaa ka mid ah dubay koloriin leh, midab kala soocida, kala soocida magnetic superconducting, faakuum heerkulka sare iyo wixii la mid ah. Habka ka faa'iidaysiga guud ee nadiifinta ciidda quartz gudaha ayaa sidoo kale laga soo saaray "shiidid, kala-soocidda magnetic, dhaqidda" ilaa "kala go'a → burburin aan dhab ahayn → calcination → biyaha deminta → shiidi → baaritaanka → kala-soocidda magnetic immersion → maydh → qallajin, oo lagu daray microwave, ultrasonic iyo habab kale oo loogu talagalay daaweynta ka hor ama nadiifinta caawimada, waxay si weyn u wanaajisaa saameynta nadiifinta. Marka la eego shuruudaha birta-yar ee muraayadda sawir-qaadista, cilmi-baarista iyo horumarinta hababka ka-saarista ciidda quartz ayaa inta badan la soo bandhigay.
Guud ahaan birta waxay ka jirtaa lixda nooc ee soo socda ee macdanta quartz:
① Waxay u jirtaa qaab qurubyo ganaax ah oo dhoobo ah ama feldspar kaolinized ah
②Ku dheggan dusha sare ee walxaha quartz ee qaabka filimka oksaydhka birta ah
③ Macdanta birta sida hematite, magnetite, specularite, qinite, iwm. ama macdanta birta ku jirta sida mica, amphibole, garnet, iwm.
④Waxay ku jirtaa xaalada dhexgalka ama muraayada gudaha qaybaha quartz
⑤ Ka jira xaalad xal adag gudaha crystal quartz
⑥ Qadar gaar ah oo birta labaad ah ayaa lagu qasi doonaa habka burburinta iyo shiididda
Si aad si wax ku ool ah u kala soocdo macdanta birta ku jirta ee quartz, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in marka hore la xaqiijiyo xaaladda dhacdo ee wasakhda birta ee macdanta quartz iyo dooro hab macquul ah oo faa'iido leh iyo habka kala-soocidda si loo gaaro ka saarida wasakhda birta.
(1) Habka kala soocida magnetic
Habka kala-soocidda magnetic wuxuu ka saari karaa macdanta daciifka ah ee magnetic sida hematite, limonite iyo biotite oo ay ku jiraan qaybo isku xiran ilaa xadka ugu badan. Marka loo eego xoogga magnetic, kala-soocidda magnetic waxaa loo qaybin karaa kala-soocid xoog leh iyo kala-soocid daciif ah. Kala-soocidda birlabeedka xooggan waxay caadi ahaan qaadataa kala-soocida birlabeedka qoyan ee qoyan ama kala-soocida birlabeedka sare ee sare.
Guud ahaan, ciidda quartz oo ay ku jiraan inta badan macdanta daciifka ah ee magnetic sida limonite, hematite, biotite, iwm., ayaa lagu dooran karaa iyada oo la isticmaalayo mashiinka birlab adag ee nooca qoyan ee qiimaha ka sarreeya 8.0 × 105A/m; Macdanta birta ah ee xoogga badan oo ay ku badan tahay macdanta birta, waxa fiican in la isticmaalo mishiinka birlabeedka daciifka ah ama mishiinka birlabeedka dhexdhexaadka ah si loo kala saaro. [2] Maalmahan, iyada oo la adeegsanayo kala-saareyaasha magnetic field-ka-sare iyo xoogga leh, kala-soocidda magnetic iyo nadiifinta ayaa si weyn loo hagaajiyay marka la barbardhigo kuwii hore. Tusaale ahaan, adeegsiga rollerka induction induction elektromagnetic xoog kala soocida birta ka yar 2.2T xoogga goobta magnetic waxay hoos u dhigi kartaa nuxurka Fe2O3 0.002% ilaa 0.0002%.
(2) Habka sabbeynta
Sabaynta waa hab lagu kala saaro qaybaha macdanta iyada oo loo marayo sifooyinka jidheed iyo kiimikaad ee kala duwan ee dusha sare ee qaybaha macdanta. Shaqada ugu weyni waa in laga saaro mica macdanta la xidhiidha iyo feldspar laga bilaabo ciidda quartz. Kala soocida sabbeynta macdanta birta ku jirta iyo quartz, ogaanshaha qaabka ay u dhacdo wasakhda birta iyo qaabka qaybinta cabbirka qayb kasta ayaa fure u ah doorashada habka saxda ah ee kala saarista birta. Inta badan macdanta birta ku jirta waxay leeyihiin eber koronto oo ka sarreeya 5, kaas oo si togan loogu dallaco jawi acidic ah, iyo aragti ahaan ku habboon isticmaalka ururiyeyaasha anionic.
Aashitada dufanka leh (saabuun), hydrocarbyl sulfonate ama sulfate ayaa loo isticmaali karaa ururiyaha anionic si loogu sabbeeyo macdanta birta ah. Pyrite wuxuu noqon karaa sabbeyn ka mid ah pyrite oo ka soo jeeda quartz ee jawiga pickling oo leh wakiilka sabbeynta caadiga ah ee isobutyl xanthate iyo budada madow ee butylamine (4: 1). Qiyaasta waxay ku saabsan tahay 200ppmw.
Sabbaynta ilmenite guud ahaan waxay isticmaashaa oleate sodium (0.21mol/L) sida wakiilka sabbeynta si pH-ga loogu hagaajiyo 4 ~ 10. Falcelinta kiimikaad waxay ka dhacdaa inta u dhaxaysa ion oleate iyo qaybo bir ah oo ku yaal dusha ilmenite si ay u soo saaraan oleate birta, kaas oo kiimiko ahaan lagu dhejiyay ions Oleate waxay ilaalinaysaa ilmenite oo leh sabeyn fiican. Ururiyayaasha phosphonic acid ee ku salaysan hydrocarbon ee la sameeyay sanadihii ugu dambeeyay waxay leeyihiin xulasho wanaagsan iyo waxqabadka ururinta ilmenite.
(3) Habka dheecaanka aysiidhka
Ujeedada ugu weyn ee habka dheecaanka aashitada waa in laga saaro macdanta birta ee milmay ee ku jirta xalka aashitada. Qodobbada saameeya saamaynta nadiifinta ee dheecaanka aashitada waxaa ka mid ah cabbirka qaybta ciidda quartz, heerkulka, wakhtiga, nooca aysiidhka, xoojinta aashitada, saamiga dareeraha adag, iwm, iyo kordhinta heerkulka iyo xalalka asiidhka. Isku-duubnida iyo dhimista radius-ka qaybaha quartz-ku waxay kordhin kartaa heerka leaching iyo heerka leaching ee Al. Saamaynta nadiifinta ee hal asiidh waa mid xadidan, iyo aashitada isku dhafan waxay leedahay saameyn isku dhafan, taas oo si weyn u kordhin karta heerka ka saarida walxaha wasakhda ah sida Fe iyo K. , H2C2O4, guud ahaan laba ama in ka badan oo iyaga ka mid ah waa la isku qasan oo loo isticmaalo qayb gaar ah.
Oxalic acid waa asiidh dabiici ah oo caadi ahaan loo isticmaalo daadinta aashitada. Waxay samayn kartaa isku-dhafan xasiloon oo leh ion birta ah oo kala milmay, wasakhdana si fudud ayaa loo dhaqaa. Waxay leedahay faa'iidooyinka qiyaasta hooseeya iyo heerka sare ee saarista birta. Dadka qaarkiis waxay isticmaalaan ultrasound si ay u caawiyaan nadiifinta oxalic acid, oo waxay ogaadeen in marka la barbar dhigo walaaqda caadiga ah iyo ultrasound taangiga, ultrasound-ka baaritaanka ayaa leh heerka ugu sarreeya ee Fe ka saarida, qadarka oxalic acid wuxuu ka yar yahay 4g/L, iyo heerka saarista birta ayaa gaaraya. 75.4%.
Joogitaanka aashitada daadi iyo hydrofluoric acid waxay si wax ku ool ah uga saari kartaa wasakhda birta sida Fe, Al, Mg, laakiin qadarka hydrofluoric acid waa in la xakameeyaa sababtoo ah hydrofluoric acid waxay daxalisaa qaybaha quartz. Isticmaalka noocyada kala duwan ee asiidhka ayaa sidoo kale saameeya tayada habka nadiifinta. Waxaa ka mid ah, aashitada isku dhafka ah ee HCl iyo HF ayaa leh saameynta ugu wanaagsan ee habka loo sameeyo. Dadka qaarkiis waxay isticmaalaan HCl iyo HF wakiilka leaching isku dhafan si ay u nadiifiyaan ciidda quartz ka dib kala-soocidda magnetic. Iyada oo la adeegsanayo leaching kiimikaad, wadarta guud ee walxaha wasakhdu waa 40.71μg/g, daahirsanaanta SiO2na waa sida ugu sareysa 99.993wt.
(4) Microbial leaching
Microorganisms-ka waxaa loo isticmaalaa in lagu daadiyo birta dhuuban ama birta lagu soo saaro oogada ciidda quartz, taasoo ah farsamo dhawaan la sameeyay oo birta looga saarayo. Daraasado shisheeye ayaa muujiyay in isticmaalka Aspergillus niger, Penicillium, Pseudomonas, Polymyxin Bacillus iyo microorganisms kale si ay birta ugu daadiyaan dusha filimka quartz ay heleen natiijooyin wanaagsan, taas oo saameynta Aspergillus niger leaching birta ugu fiican. Heerka saarista Fe2O3 ayaa inta badan ka sarreeya 75%, iyo heerka Fe2O3 xooga saaridu waa mid hoose sida 0.007%. Oo waxaa la ogaaday in saamaynta birta ku leaching ka hor beerashada bakteeriyada iyo caaryada badankoodu ay ka fiicnaan lahayd.
2.2 Horumarka kale ee cilmi-baarista ee ciidda quartz ee muraayadda sawir-qaadista
Si loo yareeyo qadarka aashitada, la yareeyo dhibka daaweynta bulaacada, oo u noqoto mid deegaanka u saaxiib ah, Peng Shou [5] et al. ayaa shaaca ka qaaday habka loogu diyaariyo 10ppm ciid quartz-yar oo birta ah iyada oo loo marayo geeddi-socod aan la qaadin: quartz xididka dabiiciga ah waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida walxo ceeriin ah, iyo jajabinta saddex-marxalad, Marxaladda koowaad iyo kala-soocidda marxaladda labaad waxay heli kartaa 0.1 ~ 0.7mm grit. ; gogosha waxaa lagu kala saaraa marxaladda koowaad ee kala-soocidda magnetic iyo marxaladda labaad ee ka saarista magnetic xooggan ee birta farsamada iyo macdanta birta si loo helo ciidda kala-soocidda magnetic; Kala-soocidda magnetic ee ciidda waxaa lagu helaa marxaladda labaad ee sabbeynta Fe2O3 waxay ka hooseysaa 10ppm ciid quartz-yar oo birta ah, sabbeynta waxay isticmaashaa H2SO4 sida nidaamiye, waxay hagaajisaa pH = 2 ~ 3, waxay isticmaashaa oleate sodium iyo qumbaha saliidda propylene ee ku salaysan ururiyeyaasha. . Ciidda quartz ee la diyaariyey SiO2≥99.9%, Fe2O3≤10ppm, waxay buuxisaa shuruudaha alaabta ceeriin ee siliceous ah ee looga baahan yahay muraayadda indhaha, muraayadda sawir-qaadista, iyo muraayadda quartz.
Dhanka kale, iyada oo la baabi'inayo kheyraadka tayada sare leh ee quartz, ka faa'iidaysiga dhamaystiran ee kheyraadka hoose ayaa soo jiitay dareen baahsan. Xie Enjun ee Qalabka Dhismaha Shiinaha ee Bengbu Glass Naqshadaynta Warshadaha iyo Machadka Cilmi-baarista Co., Ltd. waxay isticmaashay dabada kaolin si ay ugu diyaariso ciid quartz-yar oo bir ah oo loogu talagalay muraayadaha sawir-qaadista. Halabuurka ugu muhiimsan ee macdanta Fujian kaolin dabada waa quartz, kaas oo ka kooban qadar yar oo macdanta wasakh ah sida kaolinite, mica, iyo feldspar. Ka dib markii dabada kaolin ah waxaa lagu baaraandegay habka faa'iidada "qashin-qashin-hydraulic-soocidda-magnetic-flotation", content ee 0.6 ~ 0.125mm size qayb ka weyn yahay 95%, SiO2 waa 99.62%, Al2O3 waa 0.065%, Fe2O3 waa 92 × 10-6 ciid quartz ah oo wanaagsan ayaa buuxiya shuruudaha tayada ee ciidda quartz-yar ee birta ah ee muraayadda sawir-qaadista.
Shao Weihua iyo kuwo kale oo ka socda machadka Zhengzhou ee ka faa'iidaysiga dhammaystiran ee khayraadka macdanta, Akademiyada Shiinaha ee Sayniska Juquraafiga, ayaa daabacay patent-ka ikhtiraacida: hab lagu diyaariyo ciid quartz-sare oo nadiif ah oo laga helo dabada kaolin. Habka tallaabooyinka: a. Dabada Kaolin waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida macdanta ceeriin, taas oo la miiray ka dib markii la walaaqay oo la xoqay si loo helo walxaha +0.6mm; b. + 0.6mm wax waa dhulka oo la kala saaray, iyo 0.4mm0.1mm walxaha macdanta waxaa lagu sakhiray hawlgalka kala soocida magnetic, Si aad u hesho magnetic iyo non-magnetic, qalabka non-magnetic galaan hawlgalka kala soocidda cuf si aad u hesho macdanta iftiinka kala soocidda cuf iyo kala-soocidda cuf-jiidadka macdanta culus, iyo kala-soocidda cuf-jiidadka macdanta iftiinka waxay galaan hawlgalka dib-u-kicinta si ay u helaan + 0.1mm macdanta; c.+0.1mm Macdantu waxay gashaa hawlgalka sabbaynta si ay u hesho xoogga sabbaynta. Biyaha sare ee qulqulka sabbeynta ayaa la saaraa ka dibna ultrasonically picked, ka dibna la shaandheeyo si loo helo +0.1mm walxaha qalafsan sida ciid quartz nadiif ah oo sarreeya. Habka ikhtiraacu ma heli karo oo kaliya wax soo saarka quartz tayo sare leh, laakiin sidoo kale wuxuu leeyahay waqti gaaban processing, socodka habka fudud, isticmaalka tamarta hoose, iyo tayada sare ee xoogga quartz ee la helay, kaas oo buuxin kara shuruudaha tayada ee daahirsanaanta sare. quartz
Dabada Kaolin waxaa ku jira xaddi badan oo kheyraad quartz ah. Iyada oo loo marayo ka faa'iidaysiga, nadiifinta iyo farsamaynta qoto dheer, waxay buuxin kartaa shuruudaha isticmaalka alaabta ceeriin ee ultra-cad ee photovoltaic. Tani waxay sidoo kale bixisaa fikrad cusub oo ku saabsan ka faa'iidaysiga dhamaystiran ee ilaha dabada kaolin.
3. Dulmarka suuqa ee ciid quartz-yar oo bir ah oo loogu talagalay galaaska sawir-qaadista
Dhanka kale, qeybta labaad ee 2020, awoodda wax soo saarka ee xaddidan ee ballaarinta ma la qabsan karto baahida qarxa ee barwaaqada sare. Sahayda iyo baahida muraayadda sawir-qaadista waa isku dheelitir la'aanta, qiimuhuna wuu sii kordhayaa. Sida ku cad baaqa wadajirka ah ee shirkado badan oo moduleka sawir-qaadista ah, Diseembar 2020, Wasaaradda Warshadaha iyo Tignoolajiyada Warfaafinta ayaa soo saartay dukumeenti cadeynaya in mashruuca muraayadda duuban ee sawirkavoltaic uusan dejin karin qorshe beddelka awoodda. Iyada oo ay saameynayso siyaasadda cusub, heerka kobaca ee wax soo saarka muraayadda sawir-qaadista ayaa la kordhin doonaa laga bilaabo 2021. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta dadweynaha, awoodda muraayadda sawir-qaadista ee la duubay oo leh qorshe cad oo wax-soo-saarka 21/22 waxay gaari doontaa 22250 / 26590t / d, oo leh heerka kobaca sanadlaha ah ee 68.4/48.6%. Xaaladda siyaasadda iyo dammaanad-qaadyada dhinaca baahida, ciidda sawir-qaadista ayaa la filayaa inay keento korriin qarxa.
2015-2022 awoodda wax soo saarka muraayadaha sawir-qaadista
Dhanka kale, kororka la taaban karo ee awoodda wax-soo-saarka muraayadda sawir-qaadista ayaa laga yaabaa inay keento sahayda ciidda silica-yar ee birta ah si ay u dhaafto sahayda, taas oo iyaduna xaddidaysa wax-soo-saarka dhabta ah ee awoodda wax-soo-saarka muraayadda. Marka loo eego tirakoobka, laga soo bilaabo 2014-kii, wax-soo-saarka ciidda quartz gudaha dalkaygu guud ahaan wuu ka yara yara hooseeyaa baahida gudaha, sahayda iyo baahida ayaa ilaalinaysay dheelitirnaan adag.
Isla mar ahaantaana, kheyraadka gudaha ee gudaha ee birta quartz-ka yar waa mid aad u yar, oo ku urursan Heyuan ee Guangdong, Beihai ee Guangxi, Fengyang ee Anhui iyo Donghai ee Jiangsu, iyo xaddi badan oo iyaga ka mid ah ayaa u baahan in la soo dhoofiyo.
Ciid quartz ultra-cad-yar oo bir ah waa mid ka mid ah alaabta ceeriin ee muhiimka ah (la xisaabtamaysa ilaa 25% qiimaha alaabta ceeriin) sannadihii u dambeeyay. Qiimaha ayaa sidoo kale kor u kacay. Waagii hore, waxay ahayd ilaa 200 yuan/ton muddo dheer. Ka dib markii uu dillaacay cudurka Q1aad muddo 20 sano ah, waxa uu hoos uga dhacay heerkii ugu sarreeyay, waxaana uu hadda ku socdaa hawlo xasiloon ilaa hadda.
Sannadka 2020-ka, guud ahaan baahida dalkaygu ee carrada quartz waxa ay noqonaysaa 90.93 milyan oo tan, wax-soo-saarku waxa uu noqonayaa 87.65 milyan oo tan, soo dejinta saafiga ahi waxa ay noqonaysaa 3.278 milyan oo tan. Sida laga soo xigtay xogta dadwaynaha, xadiga quartz ee ku jira 100kg ee muraayadda dhalaalaysa waa qiyaastii 72.2kg. Marka loo eego qorshaha ballaarinta hadda, kororka awoodda muraayadda sawir-qaadista ee 2021/2022 waxay gaari kartaa 3.23/24500t/d, marka loo eego wax-soo-saarka sannadlaha ah ee la xisaabiyay muddo 360-maalmood ah, wadarta wax-soo-saarka ayaa u dhigmi doona baahida cusub ee kordhay ee hooseeya. -Ciid silica bir ah 836/635 million tons/sanadkii, taaso ah, baahida cusub ee ciid silica-yar oo ay keentay galaas photovoltaic 2021/2022 waxay ku xisaabtami doontaa guud ahaan ciid quartz 2020 9.2%/7.0% baahida . Iyadoo la tixgelinayo in ciidda silica-yar ee birta ah ay kaliya ka dhigan tahay qayb ka mid ah wadarta guud ee baahida ciidda silica, saadka iyo cadaadiska baahida ee ciidda silica-yar ee ay keento maalgelinta ballaaran ee awoodda wax-soo-saarka muraayadaha sawir-qaadista ayaa laga yaabaa inay aad uga sarreyso cadaadiska guud ahaan warshadaha ciidda quartz.
-Maqaalka Shabakadda Budada
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-11-2021